Sulusaray (Sebastopolis)
is a town about sixtyeight kilometers from the city
centre of Tokat, and about thirty kms. from the city
of Artova. The city is situated on a plain surrounded
by mountains and the river of Cekerek runs near the
city.
The foundation of this
antique city is not yet known. According to some sources
it was first established in the first century A.D. During
the Roman emporer Trajan's period (98-117 A.D.) the
city was separeted from the Pontus Galaticus Polaminiacus
districts and was included in the Capatocia region.
There is an epitaph about this. The epitaph was written
as a monument for the Arrian, the Governor of the Capadocia
region.
The word Sebastopolis
is Greek. Sebasto means huge, great or magnificent.
Polis means city. Therefore Sebastopolis means:
great, magnificent city. In some of the resources
the city was named as Heracleopolis.
Heracleopolis means the city of Herakles. Herakles
symbolized power and strength in the Greek and
Roman mythology.
Architectural pieces recovered during the diggings
organised by the Directorate of the Tokat Museum
in 1987, showed that the city was an important
place of settlement during the Hellenistic, Roman
and Byzantine periods.
The pieces recovered at the Comana Pohtica (Antique
Tokat) are seen to be very similar to those recovered
from the city of Sebastopolis. This let us to
think that these two antique cities had a close
relationship to each other.
The route running from east to west (Sebastia-Sivas
Sebastopolis; Sulusaray, Ankara route) and the
route joining southern and central parts of anatolia
to the Black Sea coast, passes through Sebastopolis.
This shows the importance of the City of Sebastopolis
in the network of routes during the Roman and
Byzantinian periods. Localization Plan of The City of Sebastopolis
During our diggins we discovered that the city
was surrounded by a city wall. This wall was made
from small, neatly cut stones. They were put together
without using mortar. These are supported by rectangular
ston supports, and at some positions there are
semicircular towers. The bath and the temple were
also spotted during the digging. The architectural
elements found at the surface let us think that
the theatre is near the temple.
The palace, other temples, Agora, streets and
other public buildings will be found at the end
our digging plan.
As far as we discovered, there is a great similarity
between our antique city and the antique city
of Bergama. The Temple
The temple was discovered at the northeast side
of the city the digging of the wall was going
on. The temple has semicircular shaped apsis at
the eastern direction, it is cornered from outside
and has a smaller semicircular shaped apsis in
the inside. The walls are built in blocks. The
neatly cut stones are put together without mortar.
Inside the big apsis, there is another semicircularly
shaped building made from rough stones showing
that there had been another addition to the main
building. Under the beginning of the curve of
the big apsis, just beneath, and under the support
of the neatly cut stones, there is a grey coloured
octagonal column with writings on it. As it is
seen from the remains, the floor of the temple
was covered with dark coloured marble. On the
eastren part we discovered other insitu marble
pieces. These had different colours and were put
together in a zigzag pattern, the rest of which
is under a house in use for the time being.
We can't say to whom it has devoted till the end
of the digging. The marble floor and the circular
shape let us to think that the temple belongs
to the same period as the Temple of Aesculapius
of Bergama Aesculapium.
The Bath
It is situated the eastern part of the antique
city. At first the part with the earth floor,
with rough stone walls was discovered. Later on
there are neatly cut stones leading to the chamber
inside. This wall is built in three steps. Between
these steps there are two column bases. One of
the bases is still insitu while the other was
removed by the peasants years ago. The space between
the base insitu and the step was used as a door
leading to a chamber with evenly cut stone floor.
On the floor there is a water discharging channel
which comes from the north-
south direction
and runs towards the eastwest direction. This
shows us that we have not yet discovered the main
bathing room and the source of the water. To the
south of the steps we discovered two columns placed
symetrically. Except for its upper part, one of
the columns is still intact. The other column
serves as a support to a building which we think
was built later on. We also discovered a stone
basin to the north of the columns.
The sulphur traces still found on the walls of
the bathroom shows us that during the antique
period, the water needed was recovered from the
thermal spring located about 3 kilometres to the
southwest of the city. One thinks that the thermal
spring was a holy spring, like the one at the
antique Bergama. The City Wall
The wall found at the eastern part of the city
had a height of seventeen meters. It is built
from big stones without using mortar. We dug out
only three rows of it. There are two rectangular
support. about a hundred meters to the east of
this wall there is a semicircular building built
from laruge stones which is supposed to be a tower.
Open Air Museum
of Sebastopolis
The antique pieces recovered in 1987 from the
excavations organized by the directorate of the
Tokat Museum have been exhibited in an appropriate
place. More than sixty of these pieces are now
on display at an open air theatre given by the
Municipality. The theatre is open to the public.
The number of the antique pieces on display is
increasing every day as we continue our surface
digging. Statue of Lion
Shows a lion sitted. It is dull light brown in
colour. The head is missing but the manes can
be seen. It is carved on a stone base. There is
a picture of a cavalry on a horse on the
might be another
statue of a lion and they were decorating the
etrance of the place of Sebastopolis. Helenistic
period 1-3, century B.C. A Piece of Frieze
A bull's head and a medusa is carved between the
girlants. The hair of the medusa is full and neatly
arranged. Roman, second century A.D. A Piece of Frieze
There are bulls head and helezon shaped rosettes
carved between the girlants. Hellenistic, 1-3
century B.C. A Piece of Frieze
Consists of simple rosette and bulls head. Girlants
are smooth. Hellenistic, 1-3 century B.C. Heading of A Column
It is rectangular in shape and it widens at the
top. There is a medusa carved at the top and three
are elegantly carved acanthus leaves at the bottom.
Rest of the faces of the heading are destroyed.
Hellenistic, 1-3 century B.C.
Heading of A Column
An interesting heading. It is rectangular in shape
and it widens at the top. There are 3 arches on
each face. Corners are decorated with leaves.
A Piece of Frieze
A human head carved on a girlant; hanged on the
heads of two bulls. On top there is a row of eggs.
Hellenistic, 1-3 century B.C. An Architectural Piece
Most probably belongs to a street decorated by
columns. One similar to it is found at the colonnade
of Bergama Aesculapium.
An Architectural
Piece
Most prabably it belongs to the theatre. A Piece of A Column
It is made of marble and is one of the piece found
at the village. A Grave Stel
It is triangular at the top. There are leaves
carved at the corners, one of which is broken.
At the centre of the triangle there are vegetables
carved. There are seven rows of writings written
in Latin. The bottom part of it is broken. Hellenistic,
1-3 century B.C. A Grave Stel
Top part of it is broken. There are writings on
two sides of a carving. Last row of the writing
is quite interesting. A Grave Stel
The writings is lined by a rectangular boundary.
There are cypress and leaf carvings on the top.
In the middle there is a shape which is similar
to the one on the stel. A Grave Stel
It is composed of 3 parts: first part is composed
of a semicircular arch, and a hole; the second
part has a similar but smaller hole, on top of
which there are writings and a cross; and the
third part has a girlant, most of which is broken. Epitaph
It is rectangular in shape with eight rows of
writings carved on it. The name of the city, "Sebastopolis",
can be seen written on the fourth row. Epitaph
It is a light brown coloured rock with thirteen
rows of writings carved on it. Epitaph
It is rectangular in shape, with eleven rows of
writings, some of which are ruined. Rescuing Project of Sebastopolis
Sulusaray is a town with 4.000 dwellers, all of
whom are still living on top of the antique city.
Antique pieces are still used as building materials
for their houses. We should evacuate the town
so to be able to continue our diggings and protect
the further destruction of the antique city. on
the 10th of May, 1988, with the 187 numbered resolution
of the Culturel and Naturel Resources Protecting
Committee, it was decided that the hoyuk, where
the town is situated has a first and third of
archaeological importance and therefore there
should be evaculted so as to continue the excavation.
They are working going on in progression by the
authorities so to evacuate the town and settle
the dwellers to another place. How Can We Reach to Sulusaray
After we rest in the Hotel built at the side of
the river of the Yesilirmak, and we visit the
historical and natural beauties of the city of
Tokat we are ready to see the antique city of
Sebastopolis. The city is on the Tokat-Sivas main
road.
On the way from Tokat to Sivas we should turn
to the right so to reach the town of Artova. This
area has a beautiful ladscape. After we visit
Artova and Yesilyurt disctricts we should travel
five more kilometers. There, we are in a plain
surrounded by mountains. This plain was once the
site of the city of Sebastopolis.